Hard Enamel (Cloisonne): A die is created to imprint your design into the metal. Colors are hand filled with a powdered glass-like mixture in each recessed areas of metal. After each fill, the piece is blazed harden and polished until perfect and then gold or silver or nickel plated. Cloisonne has a long history in China. Up to now, we still use it because of it’s high quality and durability. It could be kept in it's best quality over 100 years and resistant to scratch, heat, humidity & acidic chemicals.

Only copper material can be used for this lapel pin process, because kiln-fired hard enamel requires a high temperature of 1472F centigrade and copper melts at 1985F centigrade. Cloisonne don't have a rich enamel colors as imitation hard enamel or soft enamel colors.